Congress grilled regulators on their actions before and after the failures.

Top officials from the Federal Reserve, the Treasury and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation connected Tuesday defended their effect to the illness of 2 banks that shocked the planetary fiscal strategy this period and ramped up the hazard of a recession successful the United States.

The officials blamed the leaders of the 2 failed banks, Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank, saying gross mismanagement had led to the crisis. While members of the Senate Banking Committee besides cited executives’ failures, they sharply questioned the regulators astir their actions.

Michael S. Barr, the vice seat for supervision astatine the Fed, SVB’s superior regulator, said the slope failed due to the fact that “its absorption failed to appropriately address” wide risks that were pointed retired to it much than 2 years ago. But helium aboriginal acknowledged that helium did not larn astir the severity of the bank’s problems until the mediate of past month.

Here’s what to know:

• The officials who testified were Mr. Barr; Martin Gruenberg, the seat of the F.D.I.C.; and Nellie Liang, the Treasury’s nether caput for home finance. Read much astir them.

• Mr. Barr said the tally that led to the nonaccomplishment of Silicon Valley Bank was of “an bonzer gait and scale.” The slope had $42 cardinal travel retired connected March 9 — the fastest tally ever — and the slope expected an outflow of $100 cardinal the adjacent day, erstwhile regulators stepped in. Catch up connected what happened with the banks astatine the halfway of the crisis.

• Some Democrats connected the committee emphasized the conception that deregulation near agencies without the tools they needed to code issues astatine smaller banks similar SVB. Some Republicans sought to nexus authorities spending and the Fed’s broader docket — including connected issues similar clime alteration — to the crisis. Both sides expressed interest astir the effect the turmoil could person connected the broader economy.

• In effect to questions astir their actions to backstop deposits astatine the failed banks, Mr. Gruenberg said that determination would person been “contagion” — a spreading of the crisis. Ms. Liang agreed, saying without national action, slope runs “would person intensified and caused superior problems.” Here are the regulatory proposals that the White House is weighing.

• This was the archetypal of 2 days of testimony. The aforesaid officials volition look earlier the House Financial Services Committee connected Wednesday.